CO₂ Conversion Toward Real‐World Applications: Electrocatalysis versus CO₂ Batteries

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion technologies have become new favorites for addressing environmental and energy issues, especially with direct electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 (ECO2RR) alkali metal-CO2 (M–CO2) batteries as representatives. They are poised to create economic drivers while also paving the way a cleaner more sustainable future humanity. Although still far from practical application, ECO2RR has been intensively investigated over last few years, some achievements. In stark contrast, M–CO2 batteries, aqueous hybrid offer potential combine storage into an integrated system, but their research is in early stages. This article gives insightful review, comparison, analysis recent advances illustrating similarities differences, aiming advance development innovation. Considering crucial role well-designed functional materials facilitating special attention paid rational design strategies components, such electrodes/catalysts, electrolytes, membranes/separators, at industrial level impact on conversion. Moreover, perspectives suggestions presented facilitate applications.